The appraisal of vacant land involves assessing the value of a piece of property without any buildings or fixtures. Here are the main steps typically involved:                  

1. Physical Inspection: The appraiser would inspect the land, noting its size, shape, topography, accessibility, and any other physical attributes. The presence of utilities (like water, electricity, and sewage) and the zoning classification would also be considered.
2. Market Research: The appraiser would research recent sales of comparable vacant land in the area, looking at aspects like price per square foot or acre, location, and any unique features.
3. Highest and Best Use Analysis: This step involves determining the most profitable, legally permitted, physically possible, and financially feasible use of the land. The value of vacant land can vary significantly based on its potential use.
4. Valuation Approach: Usually, the sales comparison approach is used for vacant land, comparing the land to other similar properties that have recently sold. The cost and income approach are typically not applicable, as there are no improvements or income to consider.
5. Report Writing: The appraiser would write a comprehensive report detailing their findings, the valuation approach used, and their final opinion of value.
6. Client Communication: The appraiser might need to explain the valuation process to the client, answer any questions, or defend their valuation if it’s disputed.

Appraising vacant land can be challenging due to factors such as zoning restrictions, environmental regulations, and market demand for certain types of development. But the variety and complexity can also make the work interesting and fulfilling.